For the clinical diagnosis of pathological conditions of the human body a variety of sophisticated examination techniques are employed these days. Most of these approaches yield vast amounts of images and measurement data with high spatial and/or temporal resolutions, e.g. MRI, CT, and Ultrasound. In order to reliably evaluate these data for diagnostic purposes, a certain extent of subjective experience is required on the part of the physician. Due to different reasons, in usual clinical time frames the amount of time available for analyzing and interpreting the acquired data is limited. As a result, diagnostic failure may occur, which can have serious consequences for the affected patient. By means of combined image processing and data analysis approaches this crucial diagnostic process can be objectified and automated. Thus, Computer-Aided Diagnosis systems can be provided to the physician, facilitating her/his clinical decision and yielding more reliable identification of pathological alterations.